SpringBoot整合Rest
RestTemplate是一个同步的web http客户端请求模板工具。是基于spring框架的底层的一个知识点。
RestTemplate默认是使用HttpURLConnection,可以通过构造方法替换底层的执行引擎,常见的引擎又HttpClient、Netty、OkHttp 如果要想替换直接如构造方法所示即可
//底层执行引擎
RestTemplate template=new RestTemplate();
//底层执行引擎ClientHttp
RestTemplate template=new RestTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory);
什么是RestTemplate
RestTemplate 是从 Spring3.0 开始支持的一个 HTTP 请求工具,它提供了常见的REST请求方案的模版,例如 GET 请求、POST 请求、PUT 请求、DELETE 请求以及一些通用的请求执行方法 exchange 以及 execute。 RestTemplate 继承自 InterceptingHttpAccessor 并且实现了 RestOperations 接口,其中 RestOperations 接口定义了基本的 RESTful 操作,这些操作在 RestTemplate 中都得到了实现。 传统情况下在java代码里访问Restful服务,一般使用Apache的HttpClient。不过此种方法使用起来太繁琐。Spring提供了一种简单便捷的模板类RestTemplate来进行操作:
SpringBoot引入RestTemplate
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
@Configuration
public class RestConfig {
/**
* 创建HTTP客户端工厂
*
* @throws Exception
*/
@Bean(name = "clientHttpRequestFactory")
public ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory() throws Exception {
SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
// 数据读取超时时间,即SocketTimeout
factory.setReadTimeout(180000);
// 连接超时
factory.setConnectTimeout(5000);
return factory;
}
/**
* 初始化RestTemplate,并加入spring的Bean工厂,由spring统一管理
*/
@Bean(name = "restTemplate")
public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory) {
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(clientHttpRequestFactory);
restTemplate.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
return restTemplate;
}
}
RestTemplate 注入失败问题?? 解决方法:
- 在项目的启动类下创建resttemplate
@Autowired private RestTemplateBuilder builder; @Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate() { return builder.build(); }
- 创建配置文件
@Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) { RestTemplate restTemplate = builder.build(); restTemplate.getMessageConverters().add(new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter()); return restTemplate; }
使用RestTemplate处理Get请求
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
/**
* 测试restTemplate
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class HttpController{
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
/**
* 测试
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/http", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String http() {
String id = "?";
String name = "?";
//参数
MultiValueMap<String, Object> param = new LinkedMultiValueMap<String, Object>();
param.add("id", id);
param.add("name", name);
//请求头
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.add("accessToken", "?");
//封装请求头
HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> formEntity = new HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>>(headers);
try {
//访问地址
String url = "http://localhost:8080/?";
//1. 有参数,没有请求头,拼接方式
String result1 = restTemplate.getForObject(url + "?id="+id+"&name="+name, String.class);
//2. 有参数,没有请求头,占位符方式
String result2 = restTemplate.getForObject(url + "?id={id}&name={name}", String.class, param);
//3. 有请求头,没参数,result3.getBody()获取响应参数
ResponseEntity<String> result3 = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, formEntity, String.class);
//4. 有请求头,有参数,result4.getBody()获取响应参数
ResponseEntity<String> result4 = restTemplate.exchange(url+"?id="+id+"&name="+name, HttpMethod.GET, formEntity, String.class);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "success";
}
}
RestTemplate 添加请求头headers和请求体body
//headers & cookie
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
headers.add("basecret", config.getBasecret());
headers.add("baid", config.getBaid());
List<String> cookies = new ArrayList<>();
cookies.add("COOKIE_USER" + Strings.nullToEmpty(config.getCookie()));
headers.put(HttpHeaders.COOKIE, cookies);
POST请求
1、 调用postForObject方法
2、使用postForEntity方法
3、调用exchange方法
postForObject和postForEntity方法的区别主要在于可以在postForEntity方法中设置header的属性,当需要指定header的属性值的时候,使用postForEntity方法。exchange方法和postForEntity类似,但是更灵活,exchange还可以调用get请求。使用这三种方法传递参数,Map不能定义为以下两种类型
Map<String, Object> paramMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(); Map<String, Object> paramMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
把Map类型换成LinkedMultiValueMap后,参数成功传递到后台
MultiValueMap<String, Object> paramMap = new LinkedMultiValueMap<String, Object>();
MultiValueMap<String, Object> paramMap = new LinkedMultiValueMap<String, Object>();
paramMap.add("dt", "20190225");
// 1、使用postForObject请求接口
String result = template.postForObject(url, paramMap, String.class);
// 2、使用postForEntity请求接口
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>>(paramMap,headers);
ResponseEntity<String> response2 = template.postForEntity(url, httpEntity, String.class);
// 3、使用exchange请求接口
ResponseEntity<String> response3 = template.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, httpEntity, String.class);
如果post请求体是个Json的表单
//JSONObject userInfo = new JSONObject();
Map<String, Object> userInfo = Maps.newHashMap();
userInfo.put("phone", accountForm.getPhone());
userInfo.put("job", accountForm.getJob());
userInfo.put("email", accountForm.getEmail());
Map<String, Object> postBody = Maps.newHashMap();
postBody.put("userInfo", userInfo);
HttpEntity<Map> requestEntity = new HttpEntity<>(postBody, headers);
try {
ResponseEntity<String> result = restTemplate.postForEntity(config.getCreateWithAuthUrl(), requestEntity, String.class);
JsonNode jsonNode = JsonUtils.toJsonNode(result.getBody());
if (jsonNode.get("errno").asInt() == 200 || jsonNode.get("errno").asInt() == 505) {
return true;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
GET请求
如果是get请求,又想要把参数封装到map里面进行传递的话,Map需要使用HashMap,且url需要使用占位符,如下
RestTemplate restTemplate2 = new RestTemplate();
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8081/interact/getData?dt={dt}&ht={ht}";
// 封装参数,这里是HashMap
Map<String, Object> paramMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
paramMap.put("dt", "20190225");
paramMap.put("ht", "10");
//1、使用getForObject请求接口
String result1 = template.getForObject(url, String.class, paramMap);
System.out.println("result1====================" + result1);
//2、使用exchange请求接口
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.set("id", "lidy");
HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>>(null,headers);
ResponseEntity<String> response2 = template.exchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, httpEntity, String.class,paramMap);